Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016
Bikson et al, 2016. Brain Stimulation.
- An evidence-based review of the safety of using tDCS in various disorders and conditions.
- Based on data from over 1,000 participants and over 33,200 treatment sessions, including participants from potentially vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly, and persons with epilepsy, stroke, and mood disorders.
- The review did not find a single Serious Adverse Effect (death, seizure, or memory loss) or injury in over 33,200 treatment sessions.
- The review concluded tDCS as safe to use in adult, adolescent and elderly populations.